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LONGEST SIGNAL PATH FOUR BIT OR LICENSE

Really more like a big radio-refracting cloud. What we think of as a kind of radio mirror is Well-behaved layers in our mind’s eye aren’t like that either. Much fun if the waves were bent the other way. Luckilyįor hams, the effect is to bend the wave back toward the ground. Any time a radio wave goes through aĬonductive media like the ionosphere, its path is altered by the interaction. Sharp-angled reflections we imagine are really refraction, which is a To get started, but it’s really more complicated (and fun). Signals are reflected and the longer those bands are open. The stronger the sunlight, the better higher frequency Wondering.) When it gets dark, some of the layers go away, and when it gets Is why skip propagation is composed of hops, if you were Sky, finally taking enough hops to get to the receiving station. Reflecting off of them like a pinball, then off the ground and back into the

LONGEST SIGNAL PATH FOUR BIT OR LICENSE

Of the ARRL and The Ham Radio License Manual). Stack of layers that are turned on and off by the sunlight. Propagation, usually to pass our license exams, we imagine the ionosphere as a Ideas to help you understand why signals are able to support communications on Less likely that a radio wave takes a particular path on its journey. What’s happening on the surface of the sun. Season, frequency, location, the state of our planet’s geomagnetic field, and Refraction of HF signals occurs in the F layer and sometimes the E layer.īasics, how signals travel and why we are able to communicate involve time,

Increasing amounts of solar UV increase.

That are exposed to solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation.īy freeing one or more of their electrons.Įlectrons make the ionosphere weakly conductive.

The ionosphere is made of gas molecules.

In fact, the International Space Station’s orbit at 254 miles That you know a little bit about the ionosphere, the uppermost part of theĪtmosphere that extends from a little over 30 miles to 500 miles above theĮarth’s surface. You can move on to more complete coverage of propagation in the ARRL Antenna Book. It hits the high points of propagation and space weather. A good start would be to read the Propagation chapter from any recent edition of the ARRL Handbook. There are plenty of basic introductions to propagation out there. Topics to help you understand HF propagation a little better and maybe make you

You’ll find some topics more interesting than Will acquaint you with the basic terms and ideas. Intimidating, so it’s best to tackle things in bite-sized basics.

Of information about radio propagation spanning the range of VLF (Very Lowįrequency) signals through microwaves. Time to learn about propagation and it will serve you well. If you are just getting started in ham radio, take In fact, learning about radio propagation has been a big part of our history Minimize the effects of propagation variations, hams positively celebrate them! Services depend on propagation? Yes, of course, but while other services try to It’s one of the most fascinatingĪspects of amateur radio and also makes us somewhat unique. Radio signals get from Point A to Point B. Question, “Why are you into ham radio?” I answer with, “Because I can hear the One of my favorite interests: How HF signals get around.